Members of the Aslef train drivers' union walked out from 16 companies, with some running no services at all.
These included TransPennine, Northern, Avanti, Thameslink and Southern.
On Saturday - the day of the Eurovision final in Liverpool - the RMT union is taking separate strike action,
which will affect 14 rail operators.
As well as Friday's walkout, Aslef is also striking on Wednesday 31 May and Saturday 3 June - the day of the FA Cup final.
Aslef insisted that Friday's strike was not scheduled to affect travel to the Eurovision final.
But both Aslef and the RMT
have been accused by Transport Secretary Mark Harper of targeting the contest.